Several data interoperability frameworks exist for K-12 educational systems. These frameworks aim to standardize data formats, protocols, and practices to facilitate seamless data exchange between different educational software, systems, and applications. Some of the prominent ones include:

1. IMS Global Learning Consortium: IMS Global is a leading organization that develops standards for educational technology interoperability. Their standards, such as Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI), OneRoster, and Common Cartridge, are widely used in K-12 educational systems to enable integration between various learning tools, platforms, and systems.

2. Ed-Fi Alliance: The Ed-Fi Data Standard is an open data standard specifically designed for K-12 education. It provides a common language and data model for educational data, enabling interoperability between different systems and applications used in schools.

3. xAPI (Experience API): Formerly known as Tin Can API, xAPI is a specification for tracking learning experiences and interactions in a wide range of contexts, including K-12 education. xAPI allows for the collection and sharing of data about student learning activities across different platforms and applications.

4. CEDS (Common Education Data Standards): CEDS is a U.S. Department of Education initiative that aims to standardize data elements and definitions for educational data. While not a framework in itself, CEDS provides a common vocabulary and data dictionary that can be used to achieve interoperability in K-12 educational systems.

5. Project Unicorn: Project Unicorn is an initiative focused on improving data interoperability in K-12 education. It provides guidance, resources, and best practices for implementing interoperable data systems and fostering data-driven decision-making in schools.

6. Data Interoperability Standards Consortium (DISC): DISC is a collaborative effort among educational stakeholders to develop and promote data interoperability standards for K-12 education. Their work includes defining data standards, protocols, and best practices for exchanging educational data between systems and applications.

These frameworks and standards play a crucial role in enabling seamless data exchange and integration in K-12 educational systems, ultimately supporting better decision-making, personalized learning experiences, and improved educational outcomes for students.